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If you don't have any experience investing on your own, getting started can be rather intimidating. It can be difficult to determine how much of your money should be in stocks, what type of stocks you should look for, or what common "rookie mistakes" you should avoid. With that in mind, here are 10 things all investors should keep in mind while getting ready to buy their first stock.
How much of your portfolio should be in stocks?
There is no set-in-stone rule, but generally speaking, as you get older and closer to retirement, you should reduce your exposure to stocks in order to preserve your capital. As a rule of thumb, take your age and subtract it from 110 to find the percentage of your portfolio that should be invested in stocks, and adjust this up or down based on your particular appetite for risk.
Index funds vs. individual stocks
An index fund allows you to invest in many stocks by purchasing one investment. For example, an index fund gives you exposure to all 500 stocks in that index.
Index funds can be an excellent tool to diversify your portfolio and reduce your risk. After all, if your money is spread across hundreds of stocks and one crashes, the impact on your overall portfolio is minimal.
How many different stocks should you buy?
If you only want to buy individual stocks, I suggest buying at least 15 different stocks across several different industries in order to properly diversify your portfolio. However, this may not be practical when you're just starting out.
An alternative to buying lots of individual stocks is to invest the bulk of your money in index funds, and buy one or two stocks with the rest. This takes most of the guesswork out of investing, while still allowing you to get some experience with evaluating stocks.
Dividends or no dividends?
Many stocks choose to distribute their profits to shareholders in the form of dividends, while others choose to use their profits to reinvest in the growth of the company. In general (but not always), dividend stocks tend to be less volatile and more defensive than non-dividend stocks. It's important to note that just because a company pays a high dividend doesn't necessarily mean that it's a better investment.
Over the past 80 years, dividends were responsible for 44% of the total return of the S&P 500 index, and dividend reinvestment can be an extremely powerful tool for creating long-term wealth.
How much profit can you expect?
I'd advise new investors to take a long-term view of the markets. In any given year, the market could gain or lose a substantial portion of its value. However, over long periods of time the markets are surprisingly consistent. Over any recent 25-year period, the S&P 500 produced average annual total returns of at least 9.28%, so it's fair to expect this level of performance over the long run -- even though over any shorter stretch it can vary significantly.
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